Įarly intake valve opening is another variation that has significant potential to reduce emissions. A possible downside to early intake valve closing is that it significantly lowers the temperature of the combustion chamber, which can increase hydrocarbon emissions. It also reduced nitric oxide emissions by 24% at partial load conditions. Studies have shown early intake valve closing reduces pumping losses by 40%, and increases fuel economy by 7%. Air/fuel demands are so low at low-load conditions and the work required to fill the cylinder is relatively high, so Early intake valve closing greatly reduces pumping losses. This involves closing the intake valve midway through the intake stroke. Īnother way to decrease the pumping losses associated with low engine speed, high vacuum conditions is by closing the intake valve earlier than normal. Peak engine torque showed only a 1% decline, and hydrocarbon emissions were unchanged. Late intake valve closing has been shown to reduce pumping losses by 40% during partial load conditions, and to decrease nitric oxide ( NOx) emissions by 24%. The air which is expelled fills the manifold with higher pressure, and on subsequent intake strokes the air which is taken in is at a higher pressure. This results in the piston actually pushing air out of the cylinder and back into the intake manifold during the compression stroke. The first variation of continuous variable valve timing involves holding the intake valve open slightly longer than a traditional engine. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.įind sources: "Variable valve timing" – news Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. This section relies largely or entirely on a single source. Thus the valves open and close earlier or later however, the camshaft lift and duration cannot be altered solely with a cam-phasing system.Īchieving variable duration on a VVT system requires a complex system, such as multiple cam profiles or oscillating cams. The simplest form of VVT is cam-phasing, whereby the phase angle of the camshaft is rotated forwards or backwards relative to the crankshaft. Therefore, the timing can be optimized to suit all engine speeds and conditions. More advanced "continuous variable valve timing" systems offer continuous (infinite) adjustment of the valve timing. For example, one timing would be used below 3500 rpm and another used above 3500 rpm. According to engineer David Vizard's book "Building Horsepower", when both intake & exhaust are open simultaneously, the much-higher-pressure exhaust pushes the intake-charge back, out from the cylinder, polluting the intake-manifold with exhaust, in worst cases.Įarly variable valve timing systems used discrete (stepped) adjustment. Opening the intake valve while the exhaust valve is still open may cause unburnt fuel to exit the engine, leading to lower engine performance and increased emissions. On the other hand, if the camshaft keeps the valves open for longer periods of time, as with a racing cam, problems start to occur at the lower engine speeds. However, the intake valves may close before enough air has entered each combustion chamber, reducing performance. The camshaft is driven by the crankshaft through timing belts, gears or chains.Īn engine requires large amounts of air when operating at high speeds. The timing of the valve opening and closing, relative to the position of the crankshaft, is important. The cams open ( lift) the valves for a certain amount of time ( duration) during each intake and exhaust cycle. Piston engines normally use valves which are driven by camshafts. An engine equipped with a variable valve timing actuation system is freed from this constraint, allowing performance to be improved over the engine operating range. Without variable valve timing or variable valve lift, the valve timing is the same for all engine speeds and conditions, therefore compromises are necessary. The timing, duration and lift of these valve events has a significant impact on engine performance. The valves within an internal combustion engine are used to control the flow of the intake and exhaust gases into and out of the combustion chamber. Two-stroke engines use a power valve system to get similar results to VVT. Increasingly strict emissions regulations are causing many automotive manufacturers to use VVT systems. There are many ways in which this can be achieved, ranging from mechanical devices to electro-hydraulic and camless systems. It is increasingly being used in combination with variable valve lift systems. In internal combustion engines, variable valve timing ( VVT) is the process of altering the timing of a valve lift event, and is often used to improve performance, fuel economy or emissions. This engine uses continuously variable timing for the inlet valves Process of altering the timing of a valve lift eventĬylinder head of Honda K20Z3.
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